While a definition for the term 'biomaterial' has been difficult to formulate, more widely accepted working definitions include:
"A biomaterial is any material, natural or man-made, that comprises whole or part of a living structure or biomedical device which performs, augments, or replaces a natural function".
" A biomaterial is a nonviable material used in medical device,so it's intended to interact with a biological systems".
A biomaterial is essentially a material that is used and adapted for a medical application. Biomaterials may have a benign function, such as being used for a heart valve, or may be bioactive with a more interactive functionality such as hydroxy-apatite coated hip implants.
Biomaterials are also used every day in dental applications, surgery, and drug delivery (a construct with impregnated pharmaceutical products can be placed into the body, which permits the prolonged release of a drug over an extended period of time).
The definition of a biomaterial does not just include man-made materials which are constructed of metals or ceramics. A biomaterial may also be an autograft, allograft or xenograft used as a transplant material
Biomaterials are used in:
1. Joint replacements
2. Bone plates
3. Bone cement
4. Artificial ligaments and tendons
5. Dental implants for tooth fixation
6. Blood vessel prostheses
7. Heart valves
8. Skin repair devices
9. Cochlear replacements
10. Contact lenses
11. Breast implants
Biomaterials must be compatible with the body, and there are often issues of biocompatibility which must be resolved before a product can be placed on the market and used in a clinical setting. Because of this, biomaterials are usually subjected to the same requirements of those undergone by new drug therapies. All manufacturing companies are also required to ensure traceability of all of their products so that if a defective product is discovered, others in the same batch may be traced.
articel source : www.wikipedia.com
Post a Comment